How does bulk density affect infiltration rates?

Bulk density refers to the mass of soil per unit volume and is an important factor in determining how water moves through soil, including the infiltration rate. When the bulk density is high, it typically indicates that the soil is more compacted. This compaction can limit the amount of pore space available in the soil, which in turn restricts how much water can enter the soil. As soil becomes denser, the spaces between soil particles are reduced, making it more difficult for water to flow through. Consequently, this can lead to slower infiltration rates, as the denser soil does not allow water to percolate easily into the ground.

Therefore, the assertion that high bulk density can create low infiltration rates is correct, as it highlights the relationship between soil compaction and the ability of soil to absorb water effectively. In less dense soils, with greater pore space, infiltration tends to be higher, allowing water to penetrate more easily. Consequently, understanding the impact of bulk density on infiltration is essential for effective erosion and sediment control practices.